习近平主席在G20工商峰会开幕式上说:“杭州是中国的一个历史文化重镇和商贸中心,有千年以上的历史。千百年来,从白居易到苏东坡,从西湖到大运河,杭州的悠久历史和文化传说引人入胜。”杭州,这个历史名城,究竟有怎样的人文底蕴?又有哪些历史名人曾留下足迹?听小布来讲一讲~
杭城故事
拥有丰富感情的杭州人,创造了许多动人的故事。许仙白娘子的惊世之恋;苏小小的芳魂不断;济公的醉观尘世……每一个故事都表达着杭州人的爱恨情仇。他们有“杨柳岸晓风残月”的缠绵悱恻,也有“舍得一身剐,敢把皇帝拉下马”的侠肝义胆。他们是可爱真实的杭州人。
A Hangzhou Story
The Hangzhou people, full of feeling, have made many moving stories. Xu Xian, Lady Bai and their story of love, Su Xiaoxiao and her beautiful soul, the famous mad monk Ji Gong’s drunken view of the world… every story reflects the strong emotions of the people of Hangzhou. They have the poetic feeling of willows on the banks of a river under moonlight, as well as a dashing bravery that knows no bounds. These are the characters of Hangzhou people.
秦始皇和杭州
公元前221年,秦灭六国,秦始皇率领船队出游东南。据《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载:“至钱塘,临浙江(钱塘江),水波恶。乃西百二十里从狭中渡。”面对汹涌的钱塘潮,逆行120 里,秦始皇派人将大船缆系在保俶山一块巨石上,自己登上山顶眺望江面。他就这样,于两千多年前在杭州留下了自己的印记。
Emperor Qin Shihuang and Hangzhou
In 221 BC, when the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms, Emperor Qin Shihuang lead an expedition to the southeast of China. According to historical records on the emperor: “When arriving at the Qiantang, near the Qiantang River, the water was rough. Thus, the party travelled west 120 li to cross”. The emperor had the boats tied to a rock at Mount Baochu, and ascended the mountaintop to look over the river, leaving his footprints in Hangzhou more than two millennia ago.
不应忘却的范市长
历代“市长”中,北宋范仲淹是不容忘却的一位。他担任杭州知府仅一年多,恰逢“两浙路大饥荒,道有饿殍,饥民流移满路”。范公大胆实行“荒政三策”:大兴土木、发展旅游、招商引粮。三策条条奏效,饥荒顿除。范公死后,百姓为纪念其惠政,曾在孤山建范公祠,在梅东高桥建范府君庙,甚至一度奉其为土地神。
A Mayor that Should Not Be Forgotten
Among the “mayors” of history, Fan Zhongyan of the Northen Song Dynasty is one that deserves remembering. He served for only a little more than a year in Hangzhou, but at the time the city ran into a severe famine during which many people starved to death. He boldly implemented a three-point policy combating the famine, where many buildings were constructed, tourism was developed, and merchants were courted to import grain. The three points were all effective, and the famine was eradicated. After he died, to thank him for his excellent work, at Mount Gu a shrine was constructed for him, at the Meidong Bridge a temple was built, and some revered him as a local deity.
岳王庙里忆岳飞
岳王庙位于西湖边的北山路上。南宋著名爱国将领岳飞堪称是一个完美的男人,他既是军事家又是诗人。“莫等闲,白了少年头,空悲切!”他所写的《满江红》壮怀激烈,文采斐然,激励了一代又一代的爱国青年。这样的男人到了今天或许就该称为男神了。
Remembering Yue Fei
The Yue Fei Temple is situated on Beishan Road on the side of the West Lake. Yue Fei was a patriotic general of the Southern Song Dynasty and is widely praised even now as a great man. He excelled at military affairs as well as poetry. A famous poem written by him is full of passion and has motivated generation after generation of patriotic youths.
杭州通司徒雷登
司徒雷登是杭州通,而且可说是杭州话讲得最好的美国名人了,因为他生在杭州,长在杭州,在美国去世后也如愿魂归故里安息在杭州。据说当年他去河坊街王润兴饭庄吃饭时点菜:“件儿要瘦,肥了倒胃;木郎豆腐多放胡椒,要烧得入味;响铃儿要熬稍……”正宗的杭州土话直把饭店伙计听得一愣一愣的。
John Leighton Stuart
John Leighton Stuart was an “old Hangzhou hand”, and was the best American speaker of Hangzhou dialect, as he was born and grew up in Hangzhou. After he died in the United States, he wanted his remains returned to Hangzhou to be buried. It’s said that one time he ordered at the Wangrunxing restaurant at Hefang Street: “Make it thin, ’cause fat messes up my stomach, y’all. Gimme more spice in the beans, that’s how I likes it. Cook it up right…” his fluent use of the vernacular shocked the waiters.
梅妻鹤子的传说
传说宋代诗人林逋,不愿为官,就隐居于杭州,结庐孤山北麓,沉浸于歌山画水。他终身未娶,没有子嗣。种了一株梅花,把梅花当做妻子;还养了两只鹤,就把鹤当做自己的孩子。于是就有了梅妻鹤子的故事。
The Legend of the Plum Wife and Crane Children
Legend holds that Song poet Lin Bu was unwilling to become an official, and instead chose to become a hermit in Hangzhou, living on the north side of Mount Gu and involving himself in songs and paintings. He never married, and had no heir. He planted a plum tree and treated it as his wife, and raised two cranes as his children.
子久草堂
都以为黄公望只在富春山间徘徊,未曾想杭州的浴鹄湾也有他的足迹,他的足迹留在子久草堂。草堂临水,背山而还可望山,倚门眺望,雷峰塔可一收眼底。他画的《富春山居图》,无论你赶到台北故宫还是浙博,都只能看到半幅,但坐于这草堂,你可以轻轻松松地把他六百年前见过的风景一一看来。
Zijiu Thatched Cottage
We all think that Yuan Dynasty painter Huang Gongwang only walked around the Fuchun Mountain Range, but in fact his footprints also set upon Yuhu Bay in Hangzhou at the Zijiu Thatched Cottage. The cottage lies near the water, and has a view of mountains. If you stand at the door and look far off, you can see the Leifeng Pagoda. You can see one half each of his painting Living in the Fuchun Mountains at the Zhejiang Provincial Museum and the Palace Museum in Taipei, but sitting here, you can take the entire thing in.
古韵书香文澜阁
文澜阁位于西湖孤山南麓,是1782 年为珍藏《四库全书》而建的皇家藏书楼。阁内东南侧和东侧的石碑,分别刻有清乾隆帝题诗、颁发《四库全书》上谕和清光绪帝所题“文澜阁”。阁内的《四库全书》历经沧桑,是浙江几代人的侠肝义胆才使得它能躲过战乱 而幸存。而文澜阁日积月累的古书香气,一直浸润着杭城人的心灵。